TIME IS OUT OF THE ESSENCE
TIME IS OUT OF THE ESSENCE
AviXéla focuses on production of advanced nanomaterials that distinguish themselves from other platforms by unique chemico-physical properties, valuable in different applications like biosensing and imaging, selective catalysis of specific reactions, biomolecules functionalization with antibodies or DNA/RNA to target specific cells or tissues, electronics, biomedicine, radiation therapy, and material sciences. These nanomaterials express shape and size dependent characteristics, which directly influence their optical, catalytic, and biological properties. Particularly, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), resulting from photon confinement, enhances both radiative and nonradiative nanomaterials properties.
Due to the extraordinary efficiency at absorbing and scattering light, spherical nanomaterials are increasingly incorporated into commercial products and technologies, ranging from photovoltaics to biomedical and chemical sensors. To reach industry standards and improve our production capabilities, our advanced nanomaterials were analyzed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
The analysis was performed at Nanocomposix as a part of Fortis Life Sciences and CNI Labs at Columbia University.
UV-Vis spectroscopy measures the extinction (Scatter + Absorption) of discrete wavelengths of UV or visible light that are absorbed by or transmitted through a sample in comparison to a reference. UV-Vis is a valuable tool for identifying, characterizing, and studying nanoparticles, which possess unique optical properties, which sensitive to their size, shape, concentration, agglomeration state, and refractive index near the nanoparticle surface. Our samples spectral analysis has been performed with an Agilent 8453 single beam diode array spectrometer which collects spectra from 190–1100 nm using a slit width of 1 nm.
Talos F200X STEM system combines outstanding high-resolution STEM and TEM imaging with industry-leading energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy signal detection. 2D/3D chemical characterization with compositional mapping is performed by 4 in-column SDD Super-X detectors with unique cleanliness. It delivers fast, precise, quantitative characterization of nanomaterials in multiple dimensions. With innovative precision features the Talos F200X system has been used by our team for advanced research and analysis.
Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Photon Correlation Spectroscopy or Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering is one of the most used scattering techniques, which allows to measure particle sizing down to 1 nm hydrodynamic diameter and provides information on the aggregation state of nanoparticles in solution. Our nanoparticles measurements have been performed on Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument equipped with a HeNe laser operating at 632.8 nm and a scattering detector at 173 degrees.
Electrokinetic or Zeta potential measures electrochemical equilibrium and magnitude of electrostatic repulsion/attraction between particle-liquid interface. These fundamental parameters affect stability of nanoparticles, when applied to colloidal dispersions and generally means their dispersion resistance to change within the time. Zeta potential testing of our samples has been performed using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument equipped with a HeNe laser operating at 632.8 nm and a scattering detector at 173 degrees.
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to measure and identify elements within a sample matrix based on their ionization withing the sample, including metals and select nonmetals with atomic masses from 7-250. Mass Spectrometer separates the ions out by their mass-to-charge ratio after going through the ICP, and the detector counts the number of selected ions per second which allows the instrument to determine the concentration of each chosen element. Our nanoparticles concentration has been analyzed with a Thermo X-Series II ICP-MS equipped with Collision Cell Technology for advanced interference removal.
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is an analytical technique that enables the chemical characterization/elemental analysis of nanomaterials. A sample excited by an energy source, such as the electron beam of an electron microscope, dissipates some of the absorbed energy by ejecting a core-shell electron. A higher energy outer-shell electron then proceeds to fill its place, releasing the difference in energy as an X-ray that has a characteristic spectrum based on its atom of origin. This allows for the compositional analysis of a given sample volume that has been excited by the energy source. The position of the peaks in the spectrum identifies the element, whereas the intensity of the signal corresponds to the concentration of the element. We analyzed our samples with Talos F200X STEM system, which integrates SEM and EDS functions in a single, seamless user interface.
(Ag) SILVER
(Al) ALUMINIUM
(Au) GOLD
(Cu) COPPER
(Ni) NICKEL
(Pl) PALLADIUM
(Pt) PLATINUM
(Ti) TITANIUM
(Zn) ZINC
The selected area diffraction pattern of .9999 gold nanoparticles obtained in sodium citrate HPLC grade aqueous solution manufactured by plasma excitation.
TEM image showing spherical morphology and physical diameter of AuNPs less than 2 nm obtained in sodium citrate HPLC grade aqueous solution produced by plasma excitation method. Note that the AuNPs sizes are fairly uniform. A magnified view clearly revealing the conserved AuNPs size distribution. The length of the scale bar corresponds to 50 nm.
TEM image showing monodispersed morphology and physical diameter of AuNPs obtained in tannic acid HPLC grade aqueous solution by plasma excitation method. Note that the AuNPs sizes are fairly uniform. A magnified view revealing the conserved size distribution. Image analysis indicate the particle diameter to be 5.00±2.7 nm.
Transmission electron microscopy data analysis showing the range of physical diameter of AuNPs including less than 2 nm obtained in sodium citrate HPLC grade aqueous solution produced by plasma excitation method.
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum of combined gold colloidal suspension obtained in sodium citrate HPLC grade aqueous solution by plasma excitation method.
UV-VIS spectroscopy of gold and copper colloidal suspension obtained without stabilization in DI water. Image showing spherical morphology according to the Mie theory and physical diameter of AuNPs and CuNPs, including less than 2 nm at the wavelength 200 nm and agglutination caused by stable-free system.
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